Friday, July 10, 2026 Our Venerable Father Anthony of the Monastery of the Caves in Kyiv; The Holy Forty-Five Martyrs of Nicopolis in Armenia; The Holy Brother-martyrs Francis, Mutius, and Raphael and those with them martyred in Damascus.

When

July 10, 2026

All Day

Polyeleos Feast. Abstention from meat and foods that contain these ingredients

GREAT VESPERS

Kathisma Reading

Blessed is the man… is taken.

At Psalm 140

Tone 4, Podoben “Called from high…”

Out of the depths I cry to You, O Lord;* O Lord, hear my voice!

When divine desire fell upon you, O venerable one,* you accounted passionate attachments to the world to be deleterious;* therefore, forsaking your homeland, you arrived on the Holy Mountain,* and there, in the midst of the fathers, you shone forth in virtue like a beacon, O Anthony.* Entreat Christ, whom you served from your youth,* that He save and enlighten our souls.

Let Your ears be attentive* to the voice of my prayer.

If You mark iniquities, Lord, who can stand?* But with You forgiveness is that You may be revered.

When you were set afire by the love of Christ, O venerable one,* the wisdom and glory of this world despised as things which pass away;* therefore, you made for yourself a cave,* and therein struggled like an incorporeal being,* for which cause you were vouchsafed from on high the honours of the incorporeal ones.* Standing with them before the throne of Christ,* pray that He save and enlighten our souls.

I have waited for You as You have commanded; my soul patiently relies on Your promise,* for it has trusted in the Lord.

When you received divine love into your heart, O father,* you entered into a dark cave as though it were an all-splendid bridal-chamber,* and there you were enriched with the understanding of ineffable things,* to behold the things of the future as though they were present,* and to speak of them plainly unto all.* Entreat Christ, for whom you laboured from your youth,* O venerable one,* that He save and enlighten our souls.

Tone 5, Podoben “O venerable father…”

From the morning watch until night* let Israel trust in the Lord.

O venerable father Anthony, having illumined your mind with the grace of the all-holy Spirit,* as one with foresight you prophetically predicted the wrath of God which would fall upon Orthodoxy.* Therefore, you entrusted the defence against foes to Simon,* and before the construction of the church you foretold to him that he would be laid to rest therein.* Therefore, we continually hymn you as a mediator of good things for all,* asking that through you we may receive great mercy from Christ.

For with the Lord there is mercy, and with Him there is plentiful redemption;* and He shall redeem Israel from all its iniquities.

Praise the Lord, all the nations;* proclaim His glory, all you people.

O venerable father Anthony,* fulfilling the commandments of Christ, the true Shepherd and Teacher,* and showing forth love even after your departure,* by your supplications and appearance you transformed the deadly illness of Erasmus,* who was living in sloth, pining for possessions;* and having given him time for repentance, you guided others to chastity.* Therefore, entreat Christ, that our souls be saved.

Strong is the love of the Lord for us;* eternally will His truth endure.

O venerable father Anthony,* with God’s help you steered the ship of your mind with chastity,* safely sailed across the passion-fraught deep of the sea of this life,* impelled by the sail of the all-holy Spirit,* and reached the calm haven of paradise,* where the habitation of the saints and the resting-place of the righteous are.* With them pray, we beseech thee, that we also may obtain entry there.

Tone 6, Glory…

Hard was your way of life and your labours for God,* as the fathers of the Holy Mountain learned.* Therefore, in accordance with God’s providence,* they sent you to your homeland, saying:* “Go, child, that through you God may become known to those ignorant of Him there.”* There, when you arrived, O venerable one,* you enlightened your native land and became a leader of monks,* bringing a multitude of them to Christ.* Therefore, pray that we who celebrate your most splendid repose* may be preserved unvanquished by the enemy,* and that our souls may be saved.

Now…

Who would not call you blessed, O Virgin most holy?* Who would not sing a hymn of praise* to the glory of your giving birth without pain or travail?* The Only-begotten Son Himself,* begotten of the Father before all ages,* was made flesh out of you in a manner* that cannot be explained, O Woman most pure!* And for our sake, He who is God by nature* assumed the nature of a man.* He is not divided into two persons;* He is understood to have two natures* without commixion or confusion.* O noble and blessed Woman,* intercede with Him that He may have mercy on our souls.

Readings

(1) Proverbs 10:6-8; 8:6-21; (2) Wisdom 3:1-9; (3) Wisdom 5:15-6:3

Aposticha

Tone 1, Podoben “O all-praised martyrs…”

You followed the footsteps of Anthony the Great, O venerable one.* For he made his abode in the desert for the sake of stillness,* and was vouchsafed to have angels with whom to converse;* while you secluded yourself within an underground cave,* and was counted worthy to behold ineffable light.* Therefore, emulating his way of life, you received a name in accordance with your deeds.* Standing with him before the Holy Trinity,* pray thou that our souls be saved.

Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His venerable ones.

You shone forth in a dark place like an all-radiant beacon,* and as the prophet said you flourished like a palm-tree in the house of God;* and you offered yourself to the Master as an all-holy fruit* and a living, un-bloody sacrifice, O father.* Therefore, assembling with love,* we all ever bless you as is meet.

Blessed is the man who fears the Lord; he shall delight exceedingly in His commandments.

The cave wherein lies your sacred body, O venerable Anthony,* does by the power of the all-holy Spirit heal the diverse ailments of those who approach with faith:* the demons are expelled from men, and paralytics walk away, receiving health.* And, praising the Lord, we say: Precious in the sight of the Lord* is the death of His saints!

Tone 6, Glory…

Wondrous is the influence and great the faith which you have acquired, O venerable Anthony,* emulating the Prophet Elijah;* for he drew down fire from heaven to consume the sacrifice,* while you drew down fire from heaven by your supplication,* to consume and cleanse the place where you desired to erect the all-glorious temple of the Lady and Theotokos.* Therefore, blessing you as one who dwells with the venerable* and emulates the prophets,* we pray: Entreat Christ, that our souls be saved.

Now…

Christ the Lord, my Creator and Deliverer,* who came forth from your womb, O all-pure one,* and clothed Himself in me,* has freed Adam from the curse.* Therefore, like the angel do we unceasingly cry out to you, O most pure one,* who art truly the Mother of God and Virgin:* Rejoice! Rejoice, O Lady,* intercession, protection, and salvation for our souls!

Troparia

Tone 4

Leaving behind worldly tumult,* O venerable Father Anthony,* in keeping with the gospel you turned your back on the world,* and leading a life equal to that of angels you attained to the calm haven of Mount Athos* from whence you came to the Mount of Kiev* with the Fathers’ blessing* and living there an arduous life you enlightened your fatherland,* pointing the way into the Kingdom on high to a multitude of monks and nuns* and thus lead your homeland to Christ.* Pay to Him that He save our souls.

Glory… Now…

O Mother of God, the mystery hidden from all eternity* and unknown even to the angels,* was revealed through you to those on earth:* God took on our human nature* and united it to His divine nature in a perfect but unconfused union.* Then, He willingly accepted the cross for our sake* and thereby raised again the first created man,* and saved our souls from death.

FESTAL MATINS

Usual Beginning

Hexapsalm

Great Litany

God the Lord, Tone 4

Troparia, Tone 4

Tone 4

Glory… Now…

Psalter Reading

Small Litany

Sessional Hymn I, Tone 4

O divinely wise Anthony,* your all-radiant and luminous festival has arrived,* summoning your multitude of monks to glorify and hymn your honoured repose,* asking of Christ that through your mediation* we may receive great mercy. (2)

Glory… Now…

You have been shown to be more exalted than the heavenly hosts, O Theotokos,* having given birth to the Master,* and you have elevated the nature of mortals, O Bride of God;* therefore, with soul and tongue, we, the faithful,* glorify you as the true Theotokos.

Psalter Reading

Small Litany

Sessional Hymn II, Tone 4

You conversed and served with the fathers of the Holy Mountain, O father,* and following in their footsteps, you lived on earth as though you were an incorporeal being;* therefore, you have been shown to dwell together with the venerable.* Joining chorus with them in the highest,* pray that the souls of us who unceasingly glorify you be saved. (2)

Glory… Now…

Joseph marvelled, beholding that which transcended nature,* and your seedless conception reminded him of the rain upon the fleece,* the bush which burned with fire without being consumed,* and the rod of Aaron which budded forth.* And your betrothed and protector cried aloud to the priests:* “The Virgin gives birth, yet remains a virgin even after birthgiving!”

Polyeleos

Exaltation

We extol you,* O venerable father Anthony,* and we honour your holy memory,* O instructor of monks and converser with the angels.

Verses:

With patience I waited patiently for the Lord, and He was attentive to me, and He hearkened to my supplication.

He set my feet upon a rock, and He ordered my steps aright.

Glory …, Now…

Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Glory be to You, O God. (3)

Small Litany

Sessional Hymn III, Tone 8

You entered into subterranean caves, O venerable one,* and from that time, as a victor over the passions, you mounted the chariot of the virtues,* soaring to the heavens above like another Elijah,* and there you have been crowned with the all-radiant crown of righteousness, O blessed one.* But as when you were with us in this life, you grieved and took thought of goodly things for us,* so now also, O father Anthony, entreat Christ God,* that He great remission of sins to those who with love* honour your holy memory. (2)

Glory… Now…

As the most immaculate Bride of the Creator,* as the Mother of the Deliverer, who knew not wedlock,* as the vessel of the Comforter, O all-hymned one,* make haste to deliver me who am the vile abode of iniquity* and have become in mind the plaything of the demons from their machinations;* and make me the splendid habitation of the virtues.* O radiant and incorrupt one, dispel from me the cloud of the passions,* and vouchsafe to me communion on high and the never-waning light,* through your supplications.

Gradual Hymn, Tone 4

Antiphon I

From my youth do many passions war against me:* but do You yourself help me and save me,* O my Saviour.

You that hate Sion,* shall be put to shame by the Lord;* as grass in the fire shall you be put withered up.

Glory… Now…

By the Holy Spirit is every soul is enlivened:* by purification it is raised on high and made bright* by the triple Unity* in a holy mystery.

Prokeimenon, Tone 4

Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints.

verse: What shall I render to the Lord for all that He has rendered to me?

Let everything that lives, Tone 4

Gospel

Matthew 11:27-30

Psalm 50

Verses at Psalm 50

Tone 6

Canon, Tone 4

The first Canon of the Saint is given here in full; if an abbreviation is necessary, only Ode 9 may be taken.

Ode 1

Irmos: I shall open my mouth and be filled with the Spirit, and I shall speak to the Queen and Mother. I shall be seen radiantly celebrating the feast, joyfully praising her wonders.
Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
By intense asceticism, your labours, and standing in prayer through the night, you made your soul the master of your bodily passions, O Father Anthony. Therefore, rejoicing with the saints, we hymn Christ, Who has granted you such victory over the passions.
Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Today the most honoured day of your repose has dawned, O Father Anthony, greatly gladdening your children, O most honoured one. Therefore, commemorating your angelic way of life, like that of the ancient fathers, we hymn you and celebrate you with splendour.
Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Having been lifted up from the darkness, O venerable one, you passed most gloriously into the splendours of heaven, where you were crowned among the saints as a victor over the passions, O Father.
Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
Stretch forth to me your saving hand, O Sovereign Lady. Raise up my soul from the depths of my sins, for it is being grievously engulfed in the abyss of the passions by the storm of evil circumstances.

Ode 3

Irmos: O Theotokos, living and abundant Fountain, establish in spiritual fellowship those who sing hymns to you, and in your divine glory grant them crowns of glory.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Your great and holy Lavra, which received its beginning through you, proclaims you most gloriously and cries out louder than a trumpet; and the house of the Mother of God rejoices, saying, if not in words: “Through you, O Lord, I have been established!”

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
You loved the Lord alone, O venerable Anthony. Taking His Cross upon your shoulders, you lived as a pilgrim, setting an example for your disciples in fasting, vigils, and prayer. Therefore, Christ has glorified you.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Having rejected fleshly desire, O venerable one, you despised pride, and through humility and poverty attained the highest dwellings of the saints.

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
Have mercy, O only Mother of God, have mercy, and take pity on my wretched soul, which is being overwhelmed by demons and wicked passions; and before my departure, deign to purify it.

Small Litany

Sessional Hymn, Tone 4; Podoben: “Joseph marveled…”

Beholding your great asceticism,* your spiritual father marvelled and pondered what you would later accomplish, O Anthony.* For he perceived your great and godly life,* which was in no way shaken by the assaults of the enemy.* Therefore, as the father and guardian of your life,* he bore witness, crying out to the fathers of the Holy Mountain:* “This man, who now appears to be the least among us,* will one day become a great light in Rus’!”

Glory… Now…

As he contemplated the mystery beyond nature,* Joseph was filled with wonder, O Theotokos, at your virginal conception.* He beheld the mysterious dew upon the fleece,* the bush unconsumed by fire,* and Aaron’s rod that budded.* Thus your betrothed and guardian bore witness, crying out to the priests:* “A Virgin bears a Child,* and after giving birth remains a Virgin.”

Ode 4

Irmos: Perceiving the profound counsel of God, that the incarnation of You, the Most High, would come through a Virgin, the Prophet Habakkuk cried aloud: Glory to Your power, O Lord!

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
At the place where your precious and holy body rests, O venerable Father Anthony, the faithful receive abundant healings, crying out to Christ with all their soul: Glory to Your power, O Lord!

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
The length of the difficult journey did not discourage you, O venerable one, nor did the threat of brigands along the way. Therefore, when you arrived at the Holy Mountain, you chanted with the fathers there: Glory to Your power, O Lord!

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
The all-good God, seeing your steadfast and noble resolve, glorified you among the fathers in the holy places and counted you worthy to cry out with them: Glory to Your power, O Lord!

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
The King of all, the Root sprung forth from your royal womb, chose you and exalted you above the cherubim and seraphim, making His dwelling within you.

Ode 5

Irmos: All creation stands in awe of your divine glory; for you, O Virgin who knew not wedlock, carried within your womb the God of all and gave birth to the eternal Son, bestowing peace upon all who hymn you.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
You were a model and teacher of monastics, O Father. Therefore, you forbade the powerful to oppress others and urged them instead to show mercy to the weak. For this you were glorified, O Anthony, and revealed to be a great teacher.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
You acquired a way of life higher than that of ordinary men, O Anthony, for you lived an angelic life upon the earth. Therefore, you were counted worthy to receive honour equal to that of the angels, and with them you hymn your Master.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
The grace bestowed upon you by God amazed all who heard of it, O Father Anthony. It taught those who considered themselves great on earth to regard all earthly things as insignificant and to follow in your footsteps. Therefore, O venerable one, pray that we may be saved.

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
O most pure one, you are my hope, my salvation, and my boast. Therefore I flee to your protection. Do not reject me, who am overwhelmed by many sins, sorrows, and afflictions, but, anticipating my need, save me.

Ode 6

Irmos: Celebrating the divine and solemn feast of the Mother of God, O you who are wise in God, let us come, clapping our hands, and glorify God who was born of her.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Through your eternal love for God, you transcended the flesh and the world, O Father Anthony. Therefore, you were shown to be a dwelling worthy of the Most Holy Spirit, as Christ Himself said: “We will come to him and make Our dwelling with him.”

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
The Holy Mountain, having brought you forth like a most fruitful vine, O Father, is gloriously adorned by you and, rejoicing, glorifies Christ, Who gave you to it.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
For you, night seemed like day, and day like night, O Anthony. As the prophet has said, you gave no sleep to your eyes, nor slumber to your eyelids, nor rest to your body, until you presented it pure to God together with your soul.

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
Grant me your help, and deliver me from misfortunes, tribulations, and my transgressions, O you who gave birth to the eternal Deliverance of all.

Kondak, Tone 8

Cleaving to God,* whom you loved from your childhood above all else,* you followed Him lovingly with your whole heart,* O Father Anthony.* Scorning this passing world as a trifle* you made your dwelling a cave in the earth.* There you fought well against the unseen enemy’s snares* and shone like the sun to the ends of the earth.* From whence you passed joyfully to heaven’s mansions* and stand now with angels at the Master’s throne.* There we ask you to remember those who feast your memory* that we may cry to you: Rejoice, O Anthony, our Father.

Ikos

You desired to behold the eternal and unfading light of the Holy Trinity. Therefore, enclosing yourself in a cave, you remained there alone for forty years, not emerging until you had offered your body and soul to God in purity. Therefore, even after your repose, the Lord has granted you the gift of miracles, as though you were still alive, to heal the many afflictions of those who suffer grievously and to drive demons away from those who come to you. Therefore we beseech you: Pray, O Father, that your homeland, your city, and your people may be preserved from harm, that we may cry out to you: Rejoice, O Anthony our Father!

Ode 7

Irmos: Refusing to worship created things instead of the Creator, the divinely wise youths courageously trampled the threatening fire underfoot, and rejoicing they sang: O supremely praised Lord, God of our fathers, blessed are You!

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
At the command of your spiritual father, O blessed Anthony, you returned to your native land. Therefore, you fulfilled the words of your spiritual father as though they had been commanded by God. And when you arrived there, O Father, you led many souls to the Lord.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
When you came to the most holy place, O venerable Anthony, you astonished many by your way of life. Having embraced a life higher than that of ordinary men, you inspired many to renounce worldly things.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
When you found the cave of Archbishop Hilarion, you dwelt there diligently in prayer and ascetic labour, O venerable one, until you prepared another cave for yourself. There you were counted worthy of heavenly knowledge.

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
By your divine intercessions, O pure one, frustrate the dangers and schemes of mankind, and deliver your servants from destructive sins, that we may bless you as the Ever-Virgin.

Ode 8

Irmos: The Son of the Theotokos saved the holy children in the furnace. He who was then prefigured has now been born on earth, and He gathers all creation to hymn Him: All you works of the Lord, bless the Lord, and exalt Him above all forever.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
O venerable Anthony, you imitated the humility of Christ your Master. Therefore, you embraced the difficult path of humility, cutting yourself off from earthly passions. For this you were counted worthy of the honour of the saints, and with them you hymn the Lord throughout the ages.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Pray, O blessed Anthony, that all who celebrate your glorious repose may be delivered from every danger, that we may all glorify you and exalt the Lord above all forever.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Turn your merciful gaze toward the Master on our behalf, O venerable Anthony, showing yourself to be a loving father. Do not depart from us in spirit, as you promised while you were still with us, that together with you we may all chant to Christ: Bless the Lord, all you works of the Lord!

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
Look upon my prayer with compassion, and grant me joy instead of sorrow, O Lady, that I may hymn you, singing to your Son: All you works of the Lord, bless the Lord, and exalt Him above all forever.

Ode 9

Irmos: Let every mortal born on earth, radiant with light, rejoice in spirit, and let the hosts of angels celebrate and honour the holy feast of the Mother of God, crying aloud: Rejoice, O all-blessed Theotokos, pure Ever-Virgin!

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
In every way you strove to imitate the life of the ancient Anthony. As he dwelt alone in the desert, so you enclosed yourself alone in a cave, O Father, remaining there for many years without coming forth.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
You were the founder and leader of the monastic life in the caves, O Father, struggling there like one of the bodiless powers. Therefore, Christ enriched you with the gift of miracles, O venerable one.

Venerable Father Anthony, pray to God for us.
Imitating the goodness of the Master, accept the lifting up of my hands, O venerable one, overlooking our transgressions. For you wounded your soul with love for Christ and His most pure Mother. Beseech her to save our souls.

Most Holy Theotokos, save us.
By lifting up your hands to God, you most gloriously worked miracles, O venerable Anthony. Through your prayers you called down fire from heaven to purify the site of the temple of the Most Pure One, whom we all magnify together with you.

Hymn of Light

You mortified the sweet passions of life, O Anthony; and having recognized that glory is fleeting, you quickly turned away from it, preferring to walk the narrow path which leads to the broad expanse of paradise. Therefore, pray, O Anthony, that those who honour you be saved. (2)

Glory… Now…

We who are saved by you confess you to be the true Theotokos, O Lady, for you gave birth to God, who has destroyed death by the Cross, and has drawn to Himself the councils of the venerable, with whom we praise you, O Virgin.

Praises

Stichera of the Praises, Tone 2

Praise Him for His powerful deeds,* praise His surpassing greatness.

Desiring to behold the ineffable joy of the saints* and the gladness of the righteous who have pleased God,* you disdained every joy in the world,* and spent your days in fasting and tears,* until you mortified the passions of the body.* Therefore, you have been vouchsafed the joy of the righteous.* Pray with them, that our souls be saved.

O praise Him with sound of trumpet,* praise Him with lute and harp;

Praise Him with timbrel and dance,* praise Him with strings and pipes.

Accept today hymns of laudation in your memory, O Anthony,* and with your supplications go before God.* Deliver us from having to stand on His left hand,* and pray that we may receive the portion of the elect,* that as is meet we may all bless you as a fervent advocate.

O praise Him with resounding cymbals, praise Him with clashing of cymbals.* Let everything that lives and that breathes give praise to the Lord.

Like a star you shone forth in a dark place, O all-wise and venerable one,* and put the dark faces of the demons to shame;* therefore, having ascended to the heavens,* you stand with boldness before the throne of Christ,* where you remember those who celebrate your memory, O venerable one,* that we may find mercy on the day of judgment.

In Tone 8, Glory…

Having forsaken your homeland, O venerable father Anthony,* and accepted voluntary wandering for the sake of the Lord,* for Christ’s sake you bore the labours of a long journey,* hunger and thirst, burning heat and cold;* therefore, you hear: “O good and faithful servant, enter into the joy of your Lord!”* Pray, O father, that we also may hear His voice,* that we may ever bless your memory with love.

Now…

O Lady, accept the supplications of your servants,* and deliver us from all want and grief.

Great Doxology

Trisagion Prayers

Troparion, Tone 4

Glory… Now…

Insistent Litany

Litany of Supplication

Great Dismissal

DIVINE LITURGY

Troparia and Kontakia

Troparion, Tone 4: Leaving behind worldly tumult,* O Venerable Father Anthony,* in keeping with the gospel you turned your back on the world,* and leading a life equal to that of angels you attained to the calm haven of Mount Athos* from whence you came to the Mount of Kiev* with the Fathers’ blessing* and living there an arduous life you enlightened your fatherland,* pointing the way into the Kingdom on high to a multitude of monks and nuns* and thus you lead your homeland to Christ.* Pray to Him that He save our souls.

Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and for ever and ever. Amen.

Kontakion, Tone 8: Cleaving to God,* whom you loved from your childhood above all else,* you followed Him lovingly with your whole heart,* O Father Anthony.* Scorning this passing world as a trifle* you made your dwelling a cave in the earth.* There you fought well against the unseen enemy’s snares* and shone like the sun to the ends of the earth.* From whence you passed joyfully to heaven’s mansions* and stand now with angels at the Master’s throne.* There we ask you to remember those who feast your memory* that we may cry to you: Rejoice, O Anthony, our Father.

Prokeimenon, Tone 7

Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His venerable ones.

verse: What shall I render to the Lord for all the things He has rendered to me? (Psalm 115:15,12)

Epistle

Galatians 5:22-6:2

Alleluia, Tone 6

verse: Blessed is the man who fears the Lord; he shall delight exceedingly in His commandments.

verse: His posterity shall be mighty upon the earth. (Psalm 111:1,2)

Gospel

Luke 6:17-23

Communion Hymn

The just man shall be in everlasting remembrance;* of evil hearsay he shall have no fear.* Alleluia, alleluia,* alleluia. (Psalm 111:6)